{"id":99182,"date":"2023-01-09T07:45:44","date_gmt":"2023-01-09T07:45:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/logon.media\/logon_article\/most-ke-svobode-od-marca-chagalla\/"},"modified":"2023-01-09T07:55:31","modified_gmt":"2023-01-09T07:55:31","slug":"most-ke-svobode-od-marca-chagalla","status":"publish","type":"logon_article","link":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/logon_article\/most-ke-svobode-od-marca-chagalla\/","title":{"rendered":"Most ke svobod\u011b od Marca Chagalla"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(Zp\u011bt k <a href=\"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/logon_article\/chagall-a-bible\/\">\u010d\u00e1sti 2<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka zp\u016fsob\u00ed pauzu, zlom v Chagallov\u011b \u017eivot\u011b um\u011blce. Po \u010detn\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch a\u00a0pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed holocaustem mus\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u011b z\u016fstat v New Yorku.<\/p>\n<p>Tam se Chagall setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s um\u011blci a dal\u0161\u00edmi uprchl\u00edky jako je Mondriaan, Ernst a Zadkine. Jeho styl malby je nyn\u00ed ovlivn\u011bn v\u00e1lkou. V \u0159ad\u011b zobrazen\u00ed uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e symbolizuje utrpen\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda. T\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed osvobozen\u00edm Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee um\u00edr\u00e1 jeho \u017eena Bella na infekci.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Chagall se bez \u00fat\u011bchy ve sv\u00e9m smutku na dev\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f zamkne ve sv\u00e9m dom\u011b. Jej\u00ed l\u00e1ska,<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>jak pozd\u011bji p\u00ed\u0161e,<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>se v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu let zhmotnila v m\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci.<\/em> <a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[i]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>V roce 1948 se Chagall natrvalo vrac\u00ed do Francie a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 novou etapu sv\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvat r\u016fzn\u00e9 nov\u00e9 techniky jako t\u0159eba keramiku, tvo\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 sochy, litografie a vitr\u00e1\u017ee. Mezit\u00edm je siln\u011b p\u0159itahov\u00e1n Azurov\u00fdm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edm a kupuje vilu v Saint-Paul-de-Vence, rezidenci Picassa a Matisse.<\/p>\n<p>Picasso s p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm reaguje na Chagallovo um\u011bn\u00ed:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Nev\u00edm, odkud m\u00e1 ty obrazy; mus\u00ed m\u00edt v hlav\u011b and\u011bla.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Jeho tvorba z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 r\u016fznorod\u00e1: cirkusov\u00e9 postavy, l\u00e1ska v radosti i smutku, kv\u011btiny, Vitebsk, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e a\u00a0st\u00e1le barevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ilustrace Bible.<\/p>\n<p>Neot\u0159el\u00fdma o\u010dima hled\u00ed na Nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon a zapojuje se do obnovy velk\u00fdch katedr\u00e1l, kter\u00e9 byly po\u0161kozeny b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky. Je mu tehdy sedmdes\u00e1t let! S obrovskou energi\u00ed se v\u0161ak vrh\u00e1 do pr\u00e1ce na vitr\u00e1\u017e\u00edch. Dodnes je lze vid\u011bt mimo jin\u00e9 v katedr\u00e1le St. Etienne v Metz. Chagall ned\u011blal hranice mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edmi a v ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee s velkou v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed pracoval pro katedr\u00e1ly i pro synagogy. Byl tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipraven pracovat pro me\u0161itu. V\u011bd\u011bl, jak si podmanit srdce \u017did\u016f a k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f. Chagall zem\u0159el v roce 1985 v St. Paul-de-Vence v ji\u017en\u00ed Francii.<\/p>\n<p>Chagall napsal n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed b\u00e1se\u0148 v ru\u0161tin\u011b a v jidi\u0161:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Jen v\u00a0t\u00e9to m\u00e9 zemi, kter\u00e1 le\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0m\u00e9 du\u0161i,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>jako p\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatel, bez doklad\u016f<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>vstupuji do t\u00e9to zem\u011b. Ona vid\u00ed m\u016fj smutek i mou samotu.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Kdekoli \u017eije, kamkoli cestuje, c\u00edt\u00ed se ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b vyt\u011bsn\u011bn\u00fd, ale je jako doma ve sv\u00e9m vnit\u0159n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, v zemi sv\u00e9 du\u0161e.<\/p>\n<p>O\u017eivuje tento vnit\u0159n\u00ed sv\u011bt sv\u00fdch nejhlub\u0161\u00edch vzpom\u00ednek, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed lehkost srdce a bohatstv\u00ed mystick\u00e9ho chasidsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Bella Chagall po sob\u011b zanechala d\u00edlo v jidi\u0161 s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem <em>Ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011btla<\/em>, kde popisuje sv\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky na chasidsko-jidi\u0161sk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a na Chagalla.<\/p>\n<p>Rozpoznala v n\u011bm ten jin\u00fd sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Jeho o\u010di jsou \u0161edozelen\u00e9 jako voda. Nev\u00edm, jestli plavu v \u0159ece nebo v jeho o\u010d\u00edch. (\u2026)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Legra\u010dn\u00ed, kdy\u017e promluv\u00ed, poka\u017ed\u00e9 jsem p\u0159ekvapena. Pokud n\u011bco \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, je to, jako by jeho slova poch\u00e1zela z jin\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Nejen jeho slova, ale i obrazy poskytuj\u00ed jako okno pohled do dvou sv\u011bt\u016f. Jeden je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00fd, rozpoznateln\u00fd sv\u011bt, ve kter\u00e9m vid\u00edme d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 statky, Eiffelovu v\u011b\u017e, holuby a tv\u00e1\u0159e. Jin\u00fd je pak sv\u011bt jeho vnit\u0159n\u00edho byt\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se nestar\u00e1 o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed z\u00e1kony, ale ve kter\u00e9m se m\u016f\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u011b d\u00edt v\u0161echno; kde se ve vzduchu vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed domy, and\u011bl\u00e9 a milenci, kde se tv\u00e1\u0159 barv\u00ed do zelena a kde v mal\u00e9m koutku v klidn\u00e9m rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sed\u00ed rab\u00edn, kde ho\u0159\u00ed kandel\u00e1br a ty\u010d\u00ed se synagoga.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V jeho d\u00edle vid\u00edme n\u00e1vrat chasidsk\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, \u017ee existuj\u00ed dva sv\u011bty, \u017ee na\u0161e vn\u00edmateln\u00e1 realita vych\u00e1z\u00ed z nevn\u00edmateln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, j\u00edm\u017e je nesena, ze sv\u011bta \u201eesence\u201c, kter\u00fd je v\u017edy ti\u0161e p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd. Jeho bytost byla napln\u011bna stovkami legend a p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f chasidismu. Plynul\u00fdmi pohyby \u0161t\u011btce vyjad\u0159uje to, co \u017eije v\u00a0jeho du\u0161i. Na jeho obrazech se rod\u00ed r\u016f\u017ee, kohouti, kr\u00e1vy, kandel\u00e1bry i milostn\u00e9 p\u00e1ry.<\/p>\n<p>Jako kouzlem vykresl\u00ed \u00fatr\u017eky reality v\u00a0\u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch souvislostech. V\u0161echno je propojeno neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Lid\u00e9 chod\u00ed po ulic\u00edch stejn\u011b snadno, jako l\u00e9taj\u00ed vzduchem nebo stoj\u00ed na st\u0159ech\u00e1ch jako hudebn\u00edci. Jeho l\u00e1ska k Belle je tak lehk\u00e1 a tak radostn\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1, \u017ee nejednou maluje ji i sebe, jak let\u00ed, osvobozeni od zem\u011b. Kdy\u017e odj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed do Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, Bella pluje. Kamkoli jde, l\u00e1ska s n\u00edm sd\u00edl\u00ed cestu. Bella a jeho milovan\u00e9 Rusko. V jeho du\u0161i je jedin\u00e9 sv\u011btlo rozd\u011bleno do jasn\u00fdch a sv\u011b\u017e\u00edch barev, kter\u00e9 se zdaj\u00ed podobat jisk\u0159iv\u00fdm barv\u00e1m duhy.<\/p>\n<p>Zp\u016fsob, jak pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 barvy, mo\u017en\u00e1 vypad\u00e1, jako by malovalo mal\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b. Ale je svobodn\u00fd, pln\u00fd l\u00e1sky, bez z\u00e1bran, stvo\u0159en\u00fd nikoliv rozumem, n\u00fdbr\u017e srdcem. P\u0159esto m\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma barev, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad ve dvan\u00e1cti velk\u00fdch obrazech, kter\u00e9 pozd\u011bji vytvo\u0159ily \u201eBiblick\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed\u201c, n\u00e1sledn\u00fd, odkazuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdznam. Podle odborn\u00edka na Chagalla Ruuda Bartlemy \u010derven\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje tajemstv\u00ed l\u00e1sky ve v\u0161ech jej\u00edch aspektech; \u017elut\u00e1 n\u00e1s vede ke spojen\u00ed se sv\u011btem podstaty. Modr\u00e1 odkazuje na pozemskou duchovnost. B\u00edl\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje tajemstv\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee Marc Chagall pracuje ve v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch sklen\u011bn\u00fdch oknech s mal\u00fdmi b\u00edl\u00fdmi skvrnami, kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u00edlu pr\u016fhlednost. Jeho vysv\u011btlen\u00ed je:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Kdy\u017e tvo\u0159\u00edm srdcem, z\u016fstane v\u00a0tom skoro v\u0161echno z m\u00fdch z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f. Kdy\u017e tvo\u0159\u00edm hlavou, nez\u016fstane skoro nic.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Picasso si nenechal uj\u00edt, \u017ee Chagall pou\u017e\u00edval barev velmi v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Chagall je jedin\u00fd um\u011blec, kter\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b v\u00ed, co je barva!<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Expresionismus, kubismus a surrealismus na n\u011bj sice m\u011bly ur\u010dit\u00fd vliv, ale pokra\u010doval ve vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00ed reality. \u201eUm\u011bn\u00ed mi p\u0159ipad\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e jako stav du\u0161e ne\u017e cokoli jin\u00e9ho. Teorie a technika m\u011b neposunuly o krok d\u00e1l. Za v\u0161echno vd\u011b\u010d\u00edm \u017eivotu.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>V mnoha sv\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u00edlech se sna\u017eil utv\u00e1\u0159et sv\u016fj vnit\u0159n\u00ed pro\u017eitek tajemn\u00e9ho \u201e\u017eivota\u201c pomoc\u00ed pl\u00e1tna, pap\u00edru, barev a \u0161t\u011btc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>\u017divot se pro n\u011bj rovnal l\u00e1sce. Po celou dobu to pro n\u011bj byl op\u011bt boj o to, aby se vnit\u0159n\u00ed princip pojmu \u201el\u00e1ska\u201c odleh\u010dil materi\u00e1ln\u00edmi prost\u0159edky. V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku za\u017eil z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fd objev, kdy\u017e navrhoval vitr\u00e1\u017e. Pracuje s vitr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, ale uv\u011bdomuje si fakt, \u017ee d\u00edlo skute\u010dn\u011b o\u017eije, teprve kdy\u017e j\u00edm proz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed samotn\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, kdy\u017e d\u00edlo vstoup\u00ed do interakce se sv\u011btlem. Pouze pr\u016fhlednost\u00ed skla a z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm sv\u011btla z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed barvy modr\u00e1, \u010derven\u00e1 a \u017elut\u00e1 nezn\u00e1mou hloubku a v\u00fdznam. Jen skrze \u017eiv\u00e9 sv\u011btlo se jeho barvy sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed z nebe jako \u201edrahokamy\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Chagall samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u00ed, jak sv\u00e9 obrazy stvo\u0159en\u00ed, ozdoby ve tvaru r\u016f\u017e\u00ed a kr\u00e1su kv\u011btin d\u00e1t do souladu s\u00a0t\u00edm, jak dovnit\u0159 proud\u00ed sv\u011btlo.<\/p>\n<p>Ale ten p\u0159\u00edliv sv\u011btla, to vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 pronik\u00e1n\u00ed mezi vnit\u0159kem a vn\u011bj\u0161kem d\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u00edlu jisk\u0159ivou vitalitu, kterou s\u00e1m um\u011blec nem\u016f\u017ee poskytnout. Nen\u00ed to on, kdo spojuje dva sv\u011bty, vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st budovy, ale je to sv\u011btlo!<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Ten, kdo d\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eivot, by mo\u017en\u00e1 mohl ud\u011blat z m\u00e9ho obrazu sv\u00e1tek sv\u011btla!<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Daruje se v\u00e1m z\u00e1zrak \u017eivota, kdy\u017e jste pro sv\u011btlo pr\u016fhledn\u00fd jako sklo, to znamen\u00e1 bez ega, bez zaujat\u00e9ho \u00fahlu pohledu, bez posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed kohokoli a \u010dehokoli, otev\u0159en\u00fd a svobodn\u00fd. Pro m\u011b je vitr\u00e1\u017e pr\u016fhlednou p\u0159ep\u00e1\u017ekou mezi m\u00fdm srdcem a srdcem sv\u011bta.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Chytne div\u00e1ka za srdce, spojuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 prvky kultury a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed na jednom pl\u00e1tn\u011b, v jedin\u00e9m sklen\u011bn\u00e9m okn\u011b, ve sv\u011btle. Ve sv\u00e9 du\u0161i zakou\u0161\u00ed dynamickou s\u00edlu l\u00e1sky ve v\u0161em, co tu je, a ve v\u0161em, co se v \u017eivot\u011b projevuje.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Moje um\u011bn\u00ed je zem\u00ed m\u00e9 du\u0161e. Cel\u00fd n\u00e1\u0161 vnit\u0159n\u00ed sv\u011bt je realita, a mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00edc ne\u017e n\u00e1\u0161 zd\u00e1nliv\u00fd sv\u011bt.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Du\u0161e je jeho mostem ke svobod\u011b. A obrazy, kter\u00e9 vyv\u011braj\u00ed v du\u0161i jeho srdce, kter\u00fdm d\u00e1v\u00e1 barvu a\u00a0tvar, stav\u00ed most ve sv\u011bt\u011b mezi V\u00fdchodem a Z\u00e1padem, mezi \u017eidovstv\u00edm a k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00edm, lidov\u00fdm um\u011bn\u00edm a modern\u00edm um\u011bn\u00edm, \u017eivotem dole a \u017eivotem naho\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Jsem tv\u016fj syn na zemi, kter\u00fd sotva m\u016f\u017ee chodit,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>naplnil jsi m\u00e9 ruce barvami, \u0161t\u011btci,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>nev\u00edm, jak t\u011b namalovat.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Mus\u00edm malovat zemi, nebe, sv\u00e9 srdce,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bsta, prchaj\u00edc\u00ed lidi<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>s o\u010dima pln\u00fdma slz.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Kam mus\u00edm ut\u00e9ct,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>ke komu let\u011bt vzh\u016fru.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ten, kdo d\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eivot,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ten, kdo pos\u00edl\u00e1 smrt<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>mo\u017en\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u017ee se m\u016fj obraz stane sv\u00e1tkem sv\u011btla.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Marc Chagall<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Jsem mal\u00fd \u017did z Vitebska.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>V\u0161e, co maluji, co d\u011bl\u00e1m, \u010d\u00edm jsem<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>je jen mal\u00fd \u017did z Vitebska.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Marc Chagall<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[i]<\/a> Marc Chagall v doslovu <em>Ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edch sv\u011btel<\/em> od Belly Chagall, New York, Schocken Books, 1946<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":923,"featured_media":97174,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"tags":[],"category_":[110061],"tags_english_":[],"class_list":["post-99182","logon_article","type-logon_article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category_-art-cs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/logon_article\/99182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/logon_article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/logon_article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/923"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/97174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99182"},{"taxonomy":"category_","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category_?post=99182"},{"taxonomy":"tags_english_","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags_english_?post=99182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}