{"id":99181,"date":"2023-01-09T07:44:32","date_gmt":"2023-01-09T07:44:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/logon.media\/logon_article\/chagall-a-bible\/"},"modified":"2023-01-09T07:55:52","modified_gmt":"2023-01-09T07:55:52","slug":"chagall-a-bible","status":"publish","type":"logon_article","link":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/logon_article\/chagall-a-bible\/","title":{"rendered":"Chagall a Bible"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(Zp\u011bt k <a href=\"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/logon_article\/marc-chagall-me-obrazy-jsou-krajinou-me-duse\/\">\u010d\u00e1sti 1<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V roce 1923 dost\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost natrvalo emigrovat do Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee. Tam dostane za \u00fakol ilustrovat <em>Mrtv\u00e9 du\u0161e<\/em> od Nikolaje Gogola. Kdy\u017e na vyzv\u00e1n\u00ed zah\u00e1j\u00ed s\u00e9rii lept\u016f k ilustraci La Fontainov\u00fdch <em>Bajek<\/em>, vede to ve Francii k nepokoj\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Jak by mohl \u017eidovsk\u00fd um\u011blec n\u011bkdy ilustrovat tuto klasickou francouzskou knihu? Francouzsk\u00fd lid byl zpo\u010d\u00e1tku \u0161okov\u00e1n zp\u016fsobem, jak\u00fdm Chagall bajky prezentoval. Podkopal jejich v\u00fdchovn\u00e9 ide\u00e1ly a\u00a0nechal ze sv\u00e9 tvorby zmizet mor\u00e1lku. Jeho poh\u00e1dkov\u00fd zp\u016fsob pr\u00e1ce si v\u0161ak ve\u0159ejnost postupn\u011b podmanil. Nov\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed dokonce o bajky nov\u011b vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1jem.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm projektem Chagalla je vyd\u00e1n\u00ed ilustrovan\u00e9 Bible.<\/p>\n<p>Chagall cestuje do Palestiny a S\u00fdrie, aby na\u0161el inspiraci. Vrac\u00ed se jako outsider, cizinec v tomto sv\u011bt\u011b, konfrontovan\u00fd v \u017eidovsk\u00e9 zemi s um\u011bn\u00edm, kter\u00e9 ho neoslovuje. U\u017e nebyl v\u00edt\u00e1n ve sv\u00e9m rodn\u00e9m B\u011blorusku, c\u00edtil se ve sv\u00e9 nov\u00e9 vlasti nepochopen\u00fd a nacist\u00e9 ho ozna\u010dili za \u201ezdegenerovan\u00e9ho um\u011blce\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto pokra\u010doval ve sv\u00e9m biblick\u00e9m projektu. Stalo se jeho Opus Magnum. Ka\u017edou noc mu jeho hluboce milovan\u00e1 man\u017eelka Bella Rosenfeldov\u00e1 \u010detla \u00faryvky z Bible a dal\u0161\u00ed den Marc vyleptal, co sly\u0161el. Tak to \u0161lo den za dnem, cel\u00e9 roky. Vzniklo kni\u017en\u00ed d\u00edlo o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 tis\u00edci stran\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 bylo st\u011b\u017e\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 pozvednout. P\u0159esto\u017ee Chagall postavil celou k\u0159es\u0165anskou obrazovou ikonografii vzh\u016fru nohama, vyd\u00e1n\u00ed jeho Bible mu zajistilo dobrou reputaci.<\/p>\n<p>Mohlo to b\u00fdt proto, \u017ee pracoval jako autonomn\u00ed um\u011blec a klasick\u00e9 biblick\u00e9 obrazy na n\u011bj v\u016fbec nezap\u016fsobily? Podle historika um\u011bn\u00ed Willema Meijera se inspiroval biblick\u00fdmi motivy, aby si jejich pomoc\u00ed vytvo\u0159il \u201evlastn\u00ed realitu\u201c. Nap\u0159\u00edklad neuvedl obvykl\u00fd biblick\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br k t\u00e9matu sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. \u0160lo mu o\u00a0sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed protiklad\u016f v tomto sv\u011bt\u011b: mu\u017ee a \u017eeny, \u010dlov\u011bka a zv\u00ed\u0159ete, dobra a zla, smrti a \u017eivota, Boha a\u00a0\u010dlov\u011bka, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed A proti n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed B a tak d\u00e1le. Dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u0161lo o sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed se zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nep\u0159ekonatelnou polaritou v r\u00e1mci dialektiky.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se na to na z\u00e1klad\u011b klasick\u00e9ho protikladu dobra a zla.<\/p>\n<p>Chagall se ned\u00edval na zlo jako na h\u0159\u00edch, ale jako na faktickou z\u00e1le\u017eitost. Dobro i zlo vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z Boha; tady na zemi se pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed nau\u010dit vych\u00e1zet jeden s druh\u00fdm. Lidsk\u00e1 bytost se mus\u00ed se zlem vypo\u0159\u00e1dat pozitivn\u011b. Vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 ho, aby uk\u00e1zal svou mor\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost. A to se velmi bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed manichejsk\u00e9mu a\u00a0bogomilsk\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Milujte zlo.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ne nadarmo sv\u00e9 obrazy Chagall nikdy nepojmenoval. Mnohokr\u00e1t je v\u0161ak pojmenovali jin\u00ed, n\u011bkdy s\u00a0pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1siln\u011b religi\u00f3zn\u00ed terminologie! Marc Chagall v\u0161ak nechal na div\u00e1kovi, aby si obr\u00e1zky vylo\u017eil s\u00e1m: ka\u017ed\u00fd mohl m\u00edt sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zor!<\/p>\n<p>Chagall pova\u017eoval k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed za jeden z projev\u016f jedin\u00e9ho prvotn\u00edho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Jeho ide\u00e1lem bylo vytvo\u0159it m\u00edsto kdesi za hranicemi v\u0161ech n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed. O tom sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed Chagallovo muzeum v\u00a0Nice. P\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u017eivotn\u00ed filozofii p\u0159ipisovanou Chagallovi:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Slovo rozd\u011bluje, c\u00edrkev vylu\u010duje, ale obraz spojuje.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v <a href=\"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/logon_article\/most-ke-svobode-od-marca-chagalla\/\">\u010d\u00e1sti 3<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":923,"featured_media":97118,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"tags":[],"category_":[110061],"tags_english_":[],"class_list":["post-99181","logon_article","type-logon_article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category_-art-cs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/logon_article\/99181","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/logon_article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/logon_article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/923"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/97118"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99181"},{"taxonomy":"category_","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category_?post=99181"},{"taxonomy":"tags_english_","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logon.media\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags_english_?post=99181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}